Phenazine is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 4) 2 N 2. It is a dibenzo annulated pyrazine, and the parent substance of many dyestuffs, such as the toluylene red, indulines, and safranines (and the closely related eurhodines). [2] Phenazine crystallizes in yellow needles, which are only sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic derivatives have been found and investigated.

Phenazine is an azaarene that is anthracene in which the carbon atoms at positions 9 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. It is a mancude organic heterotricyclic parent, a heteranthrene, a polycyclic heteroarene, a member of phenazines and an azaarene.

Mar 1, 2024 · Phenazines are essential for iron acquisition, signalling and biofilm formation. Phenazines are recognized as an important source for antimicrobial drug development. Phenazine-inspired antibiotics are very active against resistant bacteria.

Sep 20, 2024 · In this review, we spotlight the progress regarding biosynthesis and metabolic engineering research of phenazine natural products in the past decade. The review provides useful insights concerning phenazine natural products production and more clues on new phenazine derivatives biosynthesis.

Phenazines serve as electron shuttles to alternate terminal acceptors, modify cellular redox states, act as cell signals that regulate patterns of gene expression, contribute to biofilm formation and architecture, and enhance bacterial survival.

Phenazines are redox-active compounds that trigger the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species by directly reducing molecular oxygen, explaining why they are broad-specificity antibiotics and virulence factors [10 – 13].

Oct 27, 2021 · Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic derivatives have been found and investigated.

Despite their discovery in the mid-19th century, the molecular mechanisms behind their biosynthesis have only been unraveled in the last decade. Here, we review the contribution of structural biology that has led to our current understanding of phenazine biosynthesis.

Dec 5, 2017 · Phenazines are known to exhibit a diverse range of biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, antimalarial, neuroprotectant, etc. Owing to their significant applications in both medicinal and industrial fields, the phenazine framework has emerged as a remarkable synthetic target.