The Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to ...

Drones in construction are advanced unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with cameras and sensors that revolutionize how construction sites are surveyed and monitored. These devices enable real-time data ...

During rainy seasons, the danger of water seeping into a structure increases with a rise in the water table. This water enters as seepage or leakage and damages the internal structure due to corrosion ...

Construction bidding is the process of submitting a tender by the contractor to the client as a proposal to conduct or manage a particular construction project. The bidding process is an incredibly ...

Depreciation represents the decline in the market value of a piece of equipment due to age, wear, deterioration, and obsolescence. Term depreciation represents changes in the value of the assets from ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute The design of a building is not merely an aesthetic concern but is closely tied to the local climate. By understanding the nuances of the climate in their area, architects, ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Spalling is break away of concrete surface which often extends to the top layers of reinforcing steel. Spalls may be 150 mm or more in diameter and 25mm or more in depth, and ...

How is transparent aluminum manufactured? ALON is produced by combining aluminum, oxygen, and nitrogen. The manufacturing process involves pressurizing aluminum oxynitride powder to 15,000 pounds per ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Quality tests on concrete are performed as a part of quality control of concrete structures. Different quality tests on concrete such as compressive strength tests, slump ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit ...

Tunnel surveying is a type of underground surveying for the construction of tunnels. Methods and procedure of tunnel surveying is discussed. Special instructions on the type of survey and the ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute The initial setting time of concrete is the time when cement paste starts hardening while the final setting time is the time when cement paste has hardened sufficiently in ...