This white paper outlines the background, technical architecture, communication ... diagram (see Figure 1) illustrates this multi-layered architecture, where underwater nodes communicate primarily via ...

Incidents of accidental and suspect breaches of submarine cables in northern Europe and around Taiwan concern security ...

A compact, deep-sea, cable-cutting device, capable of severing the world’s most fortified underwater communication or power lines, has been unveiled by China – and it could shake up global ...

These switches integrate optical communications into electronic circuits at a massive scale, enabling AI factories to connect millions of GPUs across sites while reducing energy consumption and ...

Furthermore, two-way satellite–ground optical messages are transmitted in parallel with the quantum ones, enabling key distillation and secure communication in real time. During a single pass ...

Fibre optics and optical communications is the use of thin strands of glass for sending information encoded into light over long distances. Total internal reflection prevents light inserted into ...

Distributed acoustic sensing detects disturbances in fibre optic signals to identify underwater threats NATO ... essential in safeguarding global communications. Lane Burdette, a research ...

Abstract: In this paper, we perform the statistical modeling for turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations with optical waves propagating in turbulent ocean vertically. To accurately model the ...