In the frozen reaches of the planet—glaciers, mountaintops, and icy groundwater—scientists have uncovered strange ...

RNA splicing is a modification of the nascent pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript in which introns are removed and exons are joined prior to translation. For many eukaryotic introns, splicing ...

Apoptosis is a mechanism of programmed cell death and is essential for development and homeostasis. Cell stress stimulates pro-apoptotic signalling pathways that activate caspase proteases and ...