A study conducted by researchers from the University of São Paulo sheds light on new discoveries about the mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation in ATP production. Recent findings highlight the ...

Protons sit in the nuclei of all atoms, but they are not fundamental particles: They are made of three quarks held together by the strong nuclear force. The strength of this interaction is ...

This is how much the average advertised salary is now, according to a new survey The 10 health benefits of not drinking alcohol Zelensky offers to step down as president to secure peace deal for ...

People may take salt tablets to help replenish low levels of sodium in the body. They are available over the counter in health stores and online. This article looks at when people use salt tablets ...

Foods high in sodium may not always be so easy to spot. Even if you never reach for the salt shaker, you probably eat more sodium than you realize. More than 70% of the sodium in our diets comes from ...

Part of the complex also functions as an exchanger of sodium ions for protons. "This study made two important contributions. It identified a second fundamental function of complex I, and it ...

The stators, smaller structures surrounding the rotor, contain ion pathways that transport protons or sodium ions, depending on the bacterial species. As these charged particles pass through, the ...

A few millionths of a second later, quarks aggregated to produce protons and neutrons. Within minutes, these protons and neutrons combined into nuclei. As the universe continued to expand and cool, ...