This study was conducted to determine if the reduced suitability of freeze-killed pupae for Pteromalidae, particularly S. cameroni, is due to freezing, freezing duration, or the type of freezer used.

Dr Gavin Broad, Senior Curator of Hymenoptera, explains the gruesome phenomenon ... is just one of the creatures that might end up emerging from a chrysalis or a pupa. Butterflies and caterpillars ...