B. pertussis was grown on Bordet-Gengou agar (BD, Sparks, MD, USA) supplemented with 10% casamino acid (Fisher Scientific, USA). B. holmesii and B. parapertussis were grown in 5% sheep blood agar (BD, ...

Bacterial isolation. Each sample was plated in sheep Blood Agar 5% (Kasvi ®, Italy) and MacConkey Agar (Becton, Dickinson and Company ®, USA) and incubated at 37 o C for 24 to 48 hours in aerobic ...

A major cause of colony failure in honey bees is Nosema, a parasitic relative of fungi that causes winter mortality. A strain of a specialized honey bee gut symbiont was genetically engineered to ...