Like the spliceosome, the ribosome undergoes conformational changes to perform chemical catalysis. Such conformational dynamics can often be an impediment to understanding structure and function.

RNA is generally single-stranded, as DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerases into mRNA (messenger RNA), which is read by ribosomes to generate protein (translation).

Viral Ribosome Profiling Could Speed Vaccine Development June 13, 2025 Credit: selvanegra / Getty Images ...

The eukaryotic cell emerged as an evolutionary algorithmic phase transition Eukaryogenesis happened abruptly, led by the tension of increasing gene length and the constraints on producing longer ...