But while lifeless during that time, the planet was already covered by vast oceans dotted with hydrothermal vent systems that ...

Global climate models predict that the ocean around Antarctica should be warming, but in reality, those waters have cooled ...

Sea ice plays many important roles for the global climate: Its white surface can reflect energy back into space, helping the ...

Ocean acidification, caused by the ongoing absorption of atmospheric CO₂, poses threats to marine ecosystems and biodiversity ...

The Saya de Malha Bank is one of the world’s largest seagrass fields and the planet’s most important carbon sinks. It faces incalculable risks that threaten the future of humanity.

The Arctic Ocean likely had the smallest winter ice cover in 47 years of satellite records this season, with just 5.53 ...

Sea ice extent is at record, and near record, lows for this time of year in both polar regions, leaving the planet ...

Scientists have discovered evidence that Earth's oceans were once green, hinting that this could be a marker of early life, ...

Learn about the climate changes that followed the end-Permian extinction, allowing select species to take over the planet's ...

Are you preparing for UPSC CSE Prelims 2025? Check your progress and revise your topics through this quiz on Environment and Geography.