The data-link and physical layers add new optional features. Elements in blue are required, those in green are unchanged from Ethernet, and those in beige are optional.

On a shared medium, data link addresses are unique within the medium. In the enterprise, data link protocols provide functions such as finding a path and managing parallel paths.

Silent Data, a new Ethereum layer 2 from Applied Blockchain, has become the first privacy-focused chain built on the OP Stack ...

Networking author Howard C. Berkowitz begins a series on dealing with failures in specific layers and protocols.

Network Layer: Handles routing of data packets across networks and includes protocols like IP. Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer and includes protocols like TCP and UDP. Session Layer: ...

The BLE data is transmitted in Link-Layer Protocol Data Units (PDUs) which are colloquially called “packets”.

Dogecoin has been riding the wave and Chainlink has been securing data flows across decentralized platforms, but it is Lightchain AI that has been carefully preparing for something foundational ...

Ethereum Layer-2 Protocols Achieve Record Transaction Throughput Layer 2 protocols are faster than ever in processing transactions, according to data source growthepie.xyz.

A Bitcoin developer by the name of Burak recently unveiled Ark, a Layer 2 protocol designed to enable fast and secure transactions. According to a post on the Bitcoin dev mailing list, Ark offers an ...

Microsoft reminded users that insecure Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.0 and 1.1 protocols will be disabled soon in future Windows releases.