On an oscilloscope's eye-pattern diagram, the distance between peak deterministic and random jitter amplitudes (the unit interval, or UI) is often called a "bathtub," which functions as a ...

Signal integrity is a critical design consideration in modern electronic systems, particularly those that depend on high-speed interconnects. As data rates climb and interconnect geometries become ...

When decisions were made to change from historical NRZ or simple on-off modulation to PAM4 in the development of advanced comms systems, methods to quantify transmitter performance needed to be ...