The trees exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere through little “mouths” in their leaves and tiny “windows” ...

A: I admit it can be confusing, but there is a significant difference between topping a tree and pruning to control size.

An unpruned apple tree becomes a tangle of crisscrossing branches that sunlight can’t penetrate ... growth that curves in the shape of a “shepherd’s crook” with brown leaves that look as though ...