Surgery was rare and risky in the medieval period. Though medical options were limited, trans people were able to take transitioning into their own hands.

In fact, medieval Europe was no bastion of whiteness. The Iberian Peninsula was inhabited by Arabs. Sub-Saharan Africans regularly came to Europe to trade, explore or wage war. Excavations in London ...

In the Middle Ages, there are references to how cannibalism was recurrent in periods of famine, war, unrest and other testing times ... come to direct this accusation against the Jews in medieval ...

In medieval Europe, the church and the state were closely ... They surveyed a domain torn by more than a half century of war, social unrest and the Reconquista, a protracted struggle against ...

In the Middle Ages, there are references to how cannibalism was recurrent in periods of famine, war, unrest and other ... against the Jews in medieval Europe. Allegations of cruelty were also ...

In a brutal fictional world inspired by medieval Europe, Berserk follows the tragic story of Guts, a mercenary whose destiny ...

David M. Perry is the co-author of Oathbreakers: The War of Brothers That Shattered an Empire and Made Medieval Europe. He's currently the senior academic advisor in the History Department at the ...

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) Sarah Barringer, University of Iowa (THE CONVERSATION) Restrictions on medical ...