Work is done on the air/fuel mixture as the piston moves to TDC ... The power stroke extracts work from these gases as they expand and force the piston to BDC. In the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve ...

In the test, you blow air past the partly open exhaust valve and outward through ... pressure is available to drive the ...

PVC air cannons are great, and everyone should build one of these at some point in their life, but what really makes this build exceptional is the valve. [Ben] created a piston valve for this ...

Symbols are used to represent the air supply (pressure source) and the exhaust in a circuit ... This means that either valve X OR Y can be pressed to make the piston go positive.

A faulty exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve can also cause an imbalance between air and fuel ... spark plug ignites the mixture before the piston reaches the top of the compression stroke ...

[Camden Bowen] recently 3D printed a single-piston engine which nearly ... of time over several starts, the valve train suffered some damage with the exhaust valves melting in place to the head.