The collapse of Canada’s minor parties accounts for some of this local-level volatility. The left-wing New Democratic Party fell from 18% of the vote to 6%. The right-wing People’s Party dropped from 5% to 1%.

Pierre Poilievre lost the vote for a constituency he has held for 21 years to a Liberal political neophyte. His populist approach may have been to blame.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney’s Liberals celebrated election victory in a stunning turn of fortune, but the party fell short of winning an outright majority in Parliament.